Mammograms: What Do They Tell Us?

A mammogram is a procedure whereby x-rays are taken of both breasts to detect any lumps or changes in the breast tissue.

While women perform self-examination on their breasts regularly, it is the mammograms that can readily detect any abnormality which may or may not require further investigation. Currently, mammograms are the best method for detecting breast cancer.

In cases where there is a detection of an abnormality, the doctor may request an ultrasound of the breast as an added precaution. An ultrasound offers a clearer picture of the breast tissue (much like an ultrasound of the heart), and can offer a much deeper analysis of the breast tissue that relates to the original abnormality found. Once this test has been examined by a radiologist and depending upon the results, further investigation may be required.

One type of procedure that the doctor may require is to insert a needle into the lump and remove the fluid. If the lump turns out to be a cyst, the fluid will dissipate the cyst. However, if there is solidity of the lump, then the cells within the lump are withdrawn and examined.

If, after this procedure, there are no definitive results, a biopsy may be called for to determine if the lump is benign or malignant. A biopsy is a test where a small piece of tissue is excised from the lump as well as the area surrounding the lump. The tissue is then sent to a laboratory where it can be determined if the tissues shows sign of cancer.

Once the results are forthcoming, and if it is determined that the lump is cancerous, an operation to remove the lump and adjoining lymph nodes (if they are affected), is followed by chemotherapy and/or radiation.

Mammograms can be a life-saving or life-altering procedure. While the breasts are routinely checked during a gynecological exam as well as in self-examinations performed at home, it is the mammogram that will confirm if there is a problem.

Annual mammograms are necessary. They can literally save lives and prevent the spread of cancer if detected early.